# Node Operator Risk Standard (NORS) The Standard for Ethereum Node Operators Welcome to the documentation for the Node Operator Risk Standard (NORS). For more information, visit the NORS website at [nors.global](https://nors.global/). Contents: * [Introduction to NORS](/about) * [Key NORS components](/about#components) * [Steps to Achieve NORS Certification](/about#cert-steps) * [NORS Qualified Assessor Policy](/qa-policy) * [NORS Assessment](/assessment) * [NORS Assurance Report Properties](/assessment/report-properties) * [NORS Risk & Control Matrix](/assessment/rcm) * [NORS Certified Entities](/certification-directory) * [NORS Qualified Assessors](/qa-policy) * [NORS Qualified Readiness Assessors](/assessor-directory) * [NORS Governance](/governance) * [License](/license) # Introduction to NORS The Node Operator Risk Standard (NORS) is an enterprise-grade certification framework designed to ensure the operational security and reliability of Ethereum validator infrastructure. Developed by a working group of industry leaders and experts, NORS establishes rigorous, objective criteria for risk management in the Ethereum staking ecosystem. By achieving NORS certification, node operators can demonstrate their commitment to professional and secure validation practices, thereby enhancing the trustworthiness and resilience of the Ethereum network. ## NORS Pathways NORS has two distinct certification pathways for Node Operators: ### NORS NORS is the comprehensive certification framework, which is a rigorous, peer-reviewed standard designed to objectively evaluate and certify operational practices, security, and reliability in staking. This pathway is designed for established node operators with mature operational practices. ### NORS Entry NORS Entry is a streamlined certification tier designed to make professional-grade staking security standards more accessible to node operators across the blockchain ecosystem. This pathway provides a more accessible entry point while maintaining core security and operational standards. ## NORS Components ### NORS Risk Control Matrix * The core of the NORS certification is the Risk Control Matrix (RCM), which outlines specific control objectives designed to address relevant risks, illustrative control activities, testing procedures, and examples of evidence documentation. Node operators must ensure documentation exists to prove that the objectives are suitably met. * The controls are categorized into key areas: * Anti-slashing * Change Control * Disaster Recovery / Business Continuity * Entity Level Control * Infrastructure * Private Key Management * Each control objective within the RCM is designed to be flexible, allowing node operators to document multiple activities or relevant certifications that meet the control objectives. The RCM is comprehensive yet adaptable, permitting updates and expansions as the Ethereum ecosystem evolves. * Included in the RCM is a document request list. This resource is meant to help illustrate the types of documents that could be provided by a node operator as part of their assessment. [View the NORS Risk Control Matrix here](/assessment/rcm#nors) ### NORS Entry Risk Control Matrix * NORS Entry has its own dedicated Risk Control Matrix (RCM) that is streamlined and focused on essential security and operational controls. This RCM is designed to be more accessible while maintaining core security standards. * The NORS Entry RCM covers the same key control areas as the full NORS RCM but with a reduced scope: * Anti-slashing * Change Control * Disaster Recovery / Business Continuity * Entity Level Control * Infrastructure * Private Key Management * The NORS Entry RCM is designed to provide a clear pathway for node operators to achieve professional-grade certification while being more achievable for organizations with smaller teams or newer operations. * Like the full NORS RCM, the NORS Entry RCM includes a document request list to help illustrate the types of documents that could be provided during assessment. [View the NORS Entry Risk Control Matrix here](/assessment/rcm#nors-entry) ## [**Qualified Assessor Policy**](#components##qa-policy) * To ensure objectivity and credibility, NORS certification requires receiving a passing assurance report completed by a NORS Qualified Assessor. These assessors have expertise in evaluating risk management and operational security. * Assessors must be licensed and adhere to stringent guidelines to maintain their qualification status, as defined in the NORS Qualified Assessor Policy. * Node operators may also choose to engage with a separate NORS Qualified Readiness Assessor to complete readiness. NORS Qualified Readiness Assessors can perform advisory services against the NORS control objectives, but cannot participate in audit or attestation engagements. [View the Qualified Assessor Policy here](/qa-policy) ## Steps to Achieve NORS and NORS Entry Certification The certification process is the same for both NORS and NORS Entry pathways: 1. **Choose your pathway**: Determine whether you're pursuing full NORS certification or NORS Entry certification based on your organization's maturity and operational complexity. 2. **Engage with a NORS Qualified Assessor**: View the full list of Qualified Assessors [here](/assessor-directory). 3. **Conduct readiness assessment**: Work with the Qualified Assessor (or a separate NORS Qualified Readiness Assessor, at your discretion) to prepare your company for its assessment, ensuring you are prepared to provide the appropriate attestation documentation. 4. **Complete remediation**: Address any gaps identified during the readiness assessment. 5. **Complete attestation**: Work with your Qualified Assessor, providing relevant materials to show that your company adequately meets the control objectives for your chosen pathway: * For NORS: View the full NORS Risk & Controls Matrix [here](/assessment/rcm#nors) * For NORS Entry: View the NORS Entry Risk & Controls Matrix [here](/assessment/rcm#nors-entry) 6. **Receive assurance report**: Obtain an official custom assurance report from your Qualified Assessor. 7. **Apply for certification**: If your Qualified Assessor has attested that your operations meet the control objectives, apply for NORS certification, including your passing assurance report. 8. **Complete compliance screening**: Successfully complete a compliance screening and agree to the NORS Certification Terms and Conditions. 9. **Receive certification**: Receive and display your NORS or NORS Entry certification from NORS. For more information, visit the [NORS website at nors.global](https://nors.global/) # NORS Qualified Assessor Policy Individuals that wish to become qualified to provide audit, attestation or advisory against the Node Operator Risk Standard (NORS) control objectives must successfully engage in the Qualified Assessor Application Process. Satisfactory completion of the process will demonstrate that a prospective assessor has, or has available to them, the skills, training, experience and expertise necessary to conduct an audit, attestation or advisory engagement under the NORS standard. By becoming a Qualified Assessor, individuals can provide professional audit, attestation or advisory services at the cutting edge of technology and financial infrastructure, attesting to the operational risk management of global leaders in web3 technology. ## Application Process To begin the Qualified Assessor application process, reach out to **** 1. **Qualified Assessors Application Form**: Individuals interested in becoming qualified assessors for the Node Operator Risk Standard (NORS) must first complete the Qualified Assessors Application Form. 2. **Agreement to the NORS Qualified Assessor Terms and Conditions**: Review and sign the Qualified Assessor Terms and Conditions. 3. **Review and Evaluation**: NORS Inc. will review the form and assess the individual’s suitability to assess against the NORS standard. 4. **Interview**: If the initial review is successful, NORS Inc. will conduct an interview with the individual to evaluate their competency in relation to the Node Operator Risk Standard. The focus of the interview will be to evaluate the credentials of the prospective assessor and further assess their ability to conduct node operator audits. 5. **Approval and Certification**: Upon successful completion of the assessment process, the individual will be granted qualified assessor status for the Node Operator Risk Standard. They will receive a certification or accreditation from NORS Inc. acknowledging their qualification to conduct assessments in accordance with the standard. Those individuals who cannot sign custom attestation reports can apply to become Qualified Readiness Assessors. Qualified Readiness Assessors can perform advisory services against the NORS control objectives, but cannot participate in audit or attestation engagements. ## Maintenance of Qualification 1. **Ongoing Compliance**: Qualified assessors must adhere to the requirements outlined in this policy at all times. Failure to maintain compliance may result in the suspension or revocation of their assessor status. 2. **Annual Reviews**: NORS Inc. may require qualified assessors to complete updated intake forms annually, as means to communicate changes to the standard and ensure assessors maintain currentness. 3. **Feedback and Improvement**: Assessors are encouraged to solicit feedback from clients, stakeholders, and the governing body to identify areas for improvement and enhance the quality and effectiveness of their assessment processes. # NORS Assessment The NORS assessment process includes the following steps: 1. Engage with a [NORS Qualified Assessor](/assessor-directory). 2. Conduct readiness with the Qualified Assessor (or a separate [NORS Qualified Readiness Assessor](/assessor-directory), at your discretion) to prepare your company for its assessment, ensuring you are prepared to provide the appropriate attestation documentation. 3. Complete any remediation as an output from the readiness assessment. 4. Complete attestation with Qualified Assessor, providing relevant materials to show that your company adequately meets [NORS control objectives](/assessment/rcm). 5. Receive an [official custom assurance report](/assessment/report-properties) from your Qualified Assessor. 6. If your Qualified Assessor has attested that your operations meet the NORS control objectives, apply for NORS certification, including your passing assurance report. 7. Successfully complete a compliance screening and agree to the NORS Certification Terms and Conditions. 8. Receive and display NORS certification from NORS, if your Qualified Assessor has attested that your operations meet the NORS control objectives. Read on for detailed information outlining the [NORS Assurance Report Properties](/assessment/report-properties) and [NORS Risk & Controls Matrix](/assessment/rcm). # NORS Assurance Report Properties The NORS Certification Program has specific certification requirements. Organizations seeking NORS Certification should contact for any questions. ## Assurance Report Requirements * The assurance report must cover all control objectives set out in NORS. * The assurance report cannot contain any qualifications. * The assurance report must be a reasonable assurance report, adhering to assurance standards deemed appropriate NORS Inc.\* * The assurance report must be presented in a manner and with a level of detail and quality deemed sufficient by NORS Inc.\* * The audit must be conducted by an audit team led by a NORS Qualified Assessor.\* ## Certification Requirements * Organizations applying for their initial NORS certification can submit a point-in-time report. This report should consider whether the controls implemented by the organization have been suitably designed to achieve the control objectives set out in NORS as of a specific date. * For subsequent applications for NORS Recertification of the same system, only a 12-month period-of-time report will be accepted. This report should consider the effectiveness of the organization's controls to achieve the control objectives set out in NORS throughout a period. * For the purpose of application for NORS recertification, there should be no gap in the period coverage of the 12-month recurring assurance reports, except in cases pre-approved by NORS Inc. (which may be withheld at NORS Inc.’s sole discretion). * A NORS Certification granted with a point-in-time report is valid for 12 months from the date of the assurance report. * A NORS Certification granted with a period-of-time report is valid for 12 months from the end date of the assurance report's reporting period. * Organizations that achieve NORS Certification agree to be listed on the NORS website and documentation under the section titled '[NORS Certified Entities](/certification-directory)'. This listing will remain for the entire duration of their certification and for an additional year after their certification status has expired. The listing will include the organization's name, contact information, the scope of the certification, and the current status of the certification. NORS Inc. reserves the right to modify these requirements at any time. [*NORS Qualified Assessors*](/assessor-directory) *should be engaged to understand further specifics regarding the points marked with \*.* # NORS Risk & Control Matrix ## Risk & Control Matrix Overview The attached Risk and Control Matrix's (RCM) includes control objectives, risks, illustrative control activities, illustrative testing procedures and illustrative documents that could be provided as evidence during testing. The control objectives are meant to address the relevant risks that have been identified with input across the working group. Each node operator is responsible for designing their own controls to meet the control objectives. Include within this RCM are example/illustrative control activities that could be used by the node operators. Note that this is not meant to be an exhaustive, one-size fits all list and each operator's control activity set will be unique. Bespoke activities that are not identified within this document may exist that suitably meet the control objectives. It is important for node operators to consider the manner in which these activities meet the objectives and that documentation exists that serves to prove the objectives are suitably met. ## Risk & Control Matrix (RCM) Sections * **Cover sheet**: * Overview of the Node Operator Risk Standard * Columns in the RCM and their descriptions * Key additional concepts to consider throughout the document * Risk reference legend * **RCM (Risk Control Matrix)**: * Control Ojectives * Risks * Risk Reference * Illustrative Control Activity Description, Options and Examples * Illustrative Testing Procedures * Illustrative Documents for Testing Procedures * **Document Request List**: * Illustrative list of documents that could be provided as evidence during testing. ## View the RCMs ### The NORS & NORS Entry Risk & Control Matrix as of Oct 13, 2025 #### NORS [**View the NORS Risk & Control Matrix here**](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1jFVoZu-vYwQnnf9irlPa2HrwH6z0227m/edit?usp=sharing\&ouid=109970103188700050959\&rtpof=true\&sd=true). #### NORS Entry [**View the NORS Entry Risk & Control Matrix here**](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1FSRQRo8gBLCyZ5XpQXrkcNj2qHcIdRqXN91G-9EZ6kI/edit?usp=sharing). *The NORS Risk & Control Matrix as of August 27, 2024* [**View the NORS Risk & Control Matrix here**](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1fG3CyDU5sWQqkmhwgQl2Iz_HxcTtRhNw/pubhtml). # NORS Certified Entities The NORS certification was launched in [August, 2024](https://nors.global/announcing-nors/). As node operators achieve NORS certification, those certified entities will be listed here. | Name | Certification date | Website URL | | ----------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------ | | Pier Two | July 18, 2025 | | | Figment | January 16, 2026 | | | Blockdaemon | May 15, 2026 | | # NORS Qualified Assessors & Qualified Readiness Assessors To receive NORS certification, engage with a NORS Qualified Assessor to complete attestation. You may also choose to engage with a NORS Qualified Readiness Assessor to prepare for the attestation. Assessors need to have the skills, training, experience, and expertise necessary to conduct an audit, assurance, or advisory engagement, and can apply to be a Qualified Assessor, Qualified Readiness Assessor, or both. [View the NORS Qualified Assessor Policy here](/qa-policy).
NameQualified Assessor or Readiness AssessorQualification DateContact
Eric Rae, Partner, KPMG LLPQualified AssessorJuly 29, 2024erae@kpmg.ca
Chimaobi Ezeibe, Partner, KPMG LLPQualified AssessorOctober 10, 2024cezeibe@kpmg.ca
Marc Krisjanous, Associate Director, SixBlocks AuditQualified Readiness AssessorDecember 4, 2024marc@sixblocksaudit.com
Carey Carpenter, Digital Assurance and Transparency Trust Solutions Partner, PwC LLPQualified AssessorDecember 13, 2024carey.carpenter@pwc.com
Jeremy Nau, Managing Partner, The Network Firm LLPQualified AssessorJanuary 6, 2025jeremy.nau@thenetworkfirm.com
Sammy Chowdhury, Co-Founder & Chief Compliance Officer, Prescient SecurityQualified AssessorJune 30, 2025sammy.chowdhury@prescientsecurity.com
# NORS Governance The NORS certification is overseen and managed by [Liquid Collective](https://liquidcollective.io/). NORS will be updated and re-evaluated regularly by a broad and dispersed working group of industry-leading collaborators. ## [NORS Development Working Group](#working-group) NORS was developed by a working group of both staking industry and auditing experts, spanning both decentralized and enterprise solutions across ETH staking technologies. The NORS working group of industry-leading collaborators was led by [Alluvial](https://alluvial.finance/), who originally conceived of the NORS certification when supporting Liquid Collective’s exploration of active set requirements. Learn more on the [nors.global website here](https://nors.global/about). | *Collaborators in NORS Development Working Group, facilitated by Alluvial* | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [Alluvial](https://alluvial.finance/) | | Aaron Henshaw / [Ambush Capital](https://www.ambush.capital/) | \| [Blockdaemon](https://www.blockdaemon.com/) | [Chainproof](https://www.chainproof.co/) | | [Coinbase](https://www.coinbase.com/) | | [DV Labs](https://dvlabs.tech/) | | [Eigen Labs](https://www.eigenlabs.org/) | | [Figment](https://figment.io/) | | [Galaxy](https://www.galaxy.com/) | | Robert Christensen / [Laminanted Labs](https://laminatedlabs.com/) | | [Liquid Collective](https://liquidcollective.io/) | | [Nexus Mutual](https://nexusmutual.io/) | | [Staked](https://staked.us/) | # License Details around the Creative Commons license that governs NORS. The Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license \[] is a Creative Commons license that allows non-commercial use of the NORS materials available on the NORS Github. You may use NORS materials in any way that is consistent with this license. For example, you may share or redistribute the NORS materials in any medium or format, but you must give proper attribution and use the materials for non-commercial purposes only. You may modify, transform, or build upon the NORS materials but you may not redistribute the modified material and may not do so for commercial purposes. Please use the following guidelines regarding commercial and non-commercial use of NORS. The examples are guidelines and do not constitute an exhaustive list. If you have questions, or you would like to use NORS materials for a commercial purpose, please contact us via nors @liquidcollective.io. Examples of what we consider non-commercial use of NORS materials: * Incorporating the material as a requirement for services agreements * Using the material for an internal assessment of node operations * Updating internal due diligence questionnaires or compliance manuals * Leveraging the materials for internal research and monitoring activities * Quoting the materials in a whitepaper or or blog Examples of what we view as as commercial use: * Offering audit, assurance or advisory services using the NORS materials (or a derivative of those materials) * Selling copies of the NORS materials (or a derivative) * Employing the NORS materials (or a derivative) as the main service in a business Proper attribution is required when you redistribute the NORS materials. If your work reproduces text from the NORS materials, in whole or in part, please include a paragraph at the bottom of your page that reads: > Portions of this page are reproduced from the Node Operations Risk Standard created and shared by NORS, Inc. and used according to terms described in the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. If possible, please link back to the [nors.global](https://nors.global/) web site so that readers can refer there for more information. The complete requirements for attribution can be found in the Creative Commons legal code. 
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     DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR
     IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

  c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
     above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent
     possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and
     waiver of all liability.


Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

  a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and
     Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with
     this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License
     terminate automatically.

  b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
     Section 6(a), it reinstates:

       1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided
          it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the
          violation; or

       2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any
     right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations
     of this Public License.

  c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the
     Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop
     distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so
     will not terminate this Public License.

  d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
     License.


Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

  a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different
     terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

  b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
     Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and
     independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.


Section 8 -- Interpretation.

  a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and
     shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose
     conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully
     be made without permission under this Public License.

  b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
     deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the
     minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision
     cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License
     without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and
     conditions.

  c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
     failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the
     Licensor.

  d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted
     as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities
     that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal
     processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

=======================================================================

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its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances
will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons
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of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including,
without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications
to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements,
understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For
the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the
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Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.
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